Frequently Asked Questions About Meningioma

Although meningiomas are called brain tumors, these tumors actually develop not from the brain tissue, but from the meninges, which are the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Most meningiomas are benign and slow-growing tumors.

Meningiomas make up approximately 20% of all primary brain tumors. They are most commonly seen between the ages of 40 and 60. Their frequency increases with age. They are seen twice as often in women as in men.

Research on the causes of meningiomas is still ongoing. Abnormalities on chromosome 22 have been found in 40% to 80% of patients. This chromosome is normally responsible for suppressing tumor formation. In meningiomas, there is also an excess of platelet-derived growth factor (PDFGR) and epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR). It is thought that the excess of these has effects on the growth of this tumor.

Aside from these, previous radiation applied to the head region, a history of breast cancer, or having neurofibromatosis type 2 are also conditions that increase the risk of developing meningioma. In some people, meningiomas have been observed to grow during pregnancy.

Meningiomas are generally slow-growing tumors that grow inward. Therefore, the tumor may reach a significant size before any symptoms appear. The symptoms that arise usually depend on the location and size of the tumor. These symptoms are generally related to the pressure created by the growing tumor on the brain, such as headache and loss of strength in one arm or leg. In addition, seizures, personality changes, or vision problems may also occur.

Loss of strength or sensation in the arms and legs are the most common symptoms of spinal meningiomas. If the tumor grows outward, it may also cause thickening of the skull bones.

Most meningiomas are benign and can be treated with surgery. However, if all tumor cells cannot be removed during surgery or cannot be destroyed by other treatment methods, the tumor may grow again.

Within 5 years following surgery, approximately 5% of completely removed benign meningiomas, 30% of partially removed benign meningiomas, and 40% of atypical meningiomas have grown again. Depending on the patient’s general health condition, if the tumor recurs, another surgical intervention or more likely radiation therapy may be required.

In brain tumors, the recovery period varies according to the patient’s age, general health status, the location and size of the tumor, and the treatment applied. Muscle coordination disorders or speech problems that may occur after surgery are usually temporary. Rehabilitation services may be needed during this period.