Frequently Asked Questions About Epidural Hemorrhage
What Is Epidural Hemorrhage?
Epidural hemorrhage usually occurs as a result of a head injury that causes a blood vessel above the dura mater, the outermost of the three membrane layers covering the brain, to rupture. It often develops after trauma in which a skull fracture is observed. In cases where the fracture line passes over an artery, the vessel tears and a large amount of blood leaks into the narrow space between the brain and the skull. As more blood collects, the pressure on the brain increases. As a result, blood leaks between the dura mater and the skull, and a clotted collection of blood (hematoma) that puts pressure on the brain forms.
What Symptoms Are Seen in a Patient with Epidural Hemorrhage?
Patients may be well at first but can deteriorate rapidly during follow-up. Symptoms appear within minutes or a few hours after the injury. Sudden and severe headache, nausea, dizziness, vomiting, confusion, and increasing drowsiness are among the symptoms. If left untreated, an epidural hemorrhage may lead to permanent brain damage and even death. Very rapid diagnosis and emergency treatment are important.
How Is Epidural Hemorrhage Diagnosed?
Epidural hemorrhage is diagnosed by computed tomography.
What Are the Treatment Options for Epidural Hemorrhage?
If the size of the epidural hemorrhage is small, the patient is followed with repeated brain tomography scans (usually every six hours) and neurological examinations. However, if the hemorrhage is large, surgery is required to stop the bleeding and remove the clot. If surgery is performed urgently, complete recovery may be possible in many patients. Adults will regain most of their functions within 6 months. Children tend to recover more quickly from head injuries and usually improve well.
